This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within nigeria societies, the cause of the conflicts and perhaps, the government actions towards ethnic conflict in the country. Aug 10, 2011 nigeria s indigenisation policy proceedings of the november, 1974 symposium organized by the nigerian economic society on the subject indigenisation. This year, the first democratic transfer of government. The role of traditional rulers in conflict prevention and. The indigenisation policy evolved from nigeria s second national development plan, 197074. Physical geography of nigeria pdf css 108 geography of nigeria is a first semester, 100level, threecredit. Pdf indigenization and economic empowerment in zimbabwe. In nigeria s sociopolitical context, with multiplicity of culture, diversity of languages and differentiated needs and means, the importance of such an organization in fostering the needed national consciousness, unity and relative uniformity as well as preservation of peculiar diversities cannot be overemphasized. A brief introduction to the historical background of indigenisation before 1970 is followed by an account of the timing of the decrees in the context of the oil boom in the. Why indigenisation hampers growth in africa by erwin ofili throughout history, there has been a general feeling that the fruits of the land should only be harvested by the sons of the soil. The indigenisation and black empowerment legislation has generated several challenges for the zimbabwean economy. The paramount aim of the decree was to give nigerians the desired involvement in the control, management and ownership of the countrys productive enterprises. Nigeria sustainable development the united nations. Nigerias flag consists of three equal vertical bands of green, white, and green.
Nigeria is the biggest producer of oil and gas in africa, and a home for a lot of international oil companies. Fiscal federalism and resource control in nigeria ngozi nwogwugwu, phd. In 2005, nigeria adopted the national policy on population for sustainable development 2004, the second such strategy in the nations history. A year ago, the spotlight was on violent conflict between farmers and herders. The challenge of social work inafrica 21 social work practice in africa, thispaper explores some of thebasic but fundamentalissues which the social work profession must resolve in order tobe responsive and more levant to african socioeconomic development the question that underlies this discussion is. Introduction the vilification of ethnicity as the scapegoat of all vices associated with the nigerian body polity has made the subject a dominant theme in the study of nigerian political economy. Aug 30, 2005 the national question in nigeria is probably one of the most complicated in the world with over 120 languages spoken, three main ethnic groups, none of which constitutes a majority of the population, and the religious divide between christians in the south and muslims in the north. The nigerian enterprises promotion decrees 1972 and.
Among them are specialised universities, including three universities of agriculture, seven universities of technology, as well as a military university, the nigerian defence academy, kaduna. Nigeria s indigenisation policy proceedings of the november, 1974 symposium organized by the nigerian economic society on the subject indigenisation. They provide a system of administration from which law and order came and provided a stably system of governance. Economy growing well and consistently, but high government debt.
The curricula at various levels must be tuned to lubricate the wheels and make the hub of the nigerian education system free and flexible enough to accelerate the attainment of the new aspirations of nigeria towards the realization of vision 202020 which include technological advancement. By this, we hope to be able to raise enrollment numbers and reduce the poor academic performance of students and the drastic failure rates in exams while also working to enhance instructional practice among teachers using familiar channels of interaction to train and empower. Over the past few years thousands of people have been killed in ethnic clashes. Department of fine and applied arts delta state university, abraka, delta state, nigeria email. Those foreign firms proved irresponsive to many years of moral suasion by successive government of the country for employment of qualified nigerians, for the moderation of their pricing and wage polices, for managerial and technical training and technical training and the. Nigeria is africas most populous country and has one of the largest aggregation of ethnic groups in africa. University of nigeria virtual library serial no author 1 okpara, chukwuemeka v author 2 author 3 title art and national development in nigeria keywords description art and national development in nigeria category arts publisher publication date 2007 signature. Over the years apologists of national unity have persistently argued that nigeria is a multiethnic nation. The bill was passed through parliament in september 2007 by president mugabes party, the zimbabwe african national unionpatriotic front zanupf, in spite of resistance by the opposition party, movement for democratic change mdc. More than 400 nigerian indigenous languages are endangered. Namely, taking into account the cois relevance, reliability, accuracy, balance, currency, transparency and traceability. Indigenization policy is a deliberate government policy aimed at replacing foreign investors and personnel in certain industries with indigenes. Peace in nigeria will require accountable governance. Initially indigenisation was not forced, it was a willing buyer willing seller principle where only those farmers who felt that they want dispose their farms.
The earliest cities in nigeria were the northern cities of kano and katsina that started around c. Nigeriasindigenization policy under fire the new york times. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and. Aug 22, 2019 nigeria has a long history that dates back as far as 9000 b. The thesis is a comprehensive examination of the nigerian\ud enterprises promotion decrees of 1972 and 1977, and more broadly\ud of the process of indigenisation in nigeria. The security crisis seizing nigeria these days is kidnappings for ransom.
The discovery of petroleum by nigeria marked the turning point of nigeria. For instance in nigeria society nonindigene syndrome abound. The policy has a 2015 end date for most targets, and aims to improve standards of living and quality of life for nigerias people by addressing the complex. The indigenization of english vowels by zimbabwean native shona speakers by maxwell kadenge, d. Both nigeria and zambia have such programs, but whereas nigeria commits enormous political, administrative, and financial resources to its own, zambias is far more modest and even then rarely implemented. Starting the indigenisation process kwaku osei hwedie abstract this article puts acase for theindigenisation of social work inmrica.
In 1956, a national committee on the nigerianisation of business enterprises was set up. Around 1400, the yoruba kingdom of oyo was founded in the southwest and reach its height from the 17th to the 19th century. The thesis is a comprehensive examination of the nigerian enterprises promotion decrees of 1972 and 1977, and more broadly of the process of indigenisation in nigeria. The vanguard comment of march 14, 2012 titled challenges of regionalisation provides an interesting approach to the history of the regionalist federalism of the independence movement of. Request pdf british government, british businesses, and the indigenization exercise in postindependence nigeria the nigerian enterprises promotion decree of 1972, which was promulgated in. Two countries may have indigenization policies but will pursue them with different levels of commitment. Household survey data and poverty lines in nigeria. Rethinking nigerias indigenesettler conflicts united.
As of 1999, nigeria had fortyone universities made up of twentyfive federal, twelve state and four privateowned. There are more than 300 nigerian tribes and among the largest include hausafulani, igbo, yoruba, ijaw, kanuri, annang, tiv, ibibio, etsako, and efik. But the results so far, are far from expectation, prompting arguments about the desired growth in the industrial. Uche 2011 said that the idea of indigenisation of foreign businesses in nigeria dates back to 1946 when the colonial government established the nigeria local development board with the main function of granting loans to nigerian owned enterprises. Ruralurbanmigration and agricultural development in nigeria tunde charles iruonagbe abstract dliven by the lack of opportunities for remunerative wk, despairing of even the most minimal social amenities, and dreading the prospect of a life time of back breaking labour for pitifully meager economic rewards, hundreds of thousands of young men and. This course pdfsharp example code will give you an introduction to the nature of the physical. Indigenisation in zimbabwe like in nigeria started well as a win win situation where the government could purchase land from white commercial farmers but at last it was forced takeover.
Other nigerian tribes apart from the ones listed constitute a smaller percentage of. Digitalization of public services reduces manual transactions and thereby can decrease the. Indigenisation and economic empowerment act wikipedia. Chinyere ohirianiche, the president of linguistic association of nigeria lan, on tuesday in abuja, said about 400 nigerian indigenous languages were endangered. Even earlier, it was the tensions in the niger delta, and so on.
As in the rest of the developing world, most national states have increasingly taken on regulative, welfare and planning functions, and the state has become a major if not the major economic actor in many countries 1. The nigeria program is aids largest population program in africa. On the question of the natural gas reserves, nigeria can provide 5,300 square kilometers to the world. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of traditional institutions in modern. Yet nigeria considers discrimination or indigenization as a social evil that cannot be heard of or practiced. Simply put, the nigerian indigenisation policy was a government initiative that aimed to recover control of several vital and productive sectors of. Nigeria, in effort to wrest control of econ from foreign hands, has embarked on steppedup policy of forcing foreignowned cos to sell into nigerian ownership. Why indigenisation hampers growth in africa by erwin ofili. In this account of nigeria s indigenization program, nigeria s evolution into a oneproduct export economyaccompanied by a decline in agriculture and little industrial growthhappened at the same time that nigerians assumed ownership in basic economic sectors. The nigeria enterprises promotion decree which often refers to as indigenization policy was promulgated with effect from 1972.
Because the government there had acquired majority shareholding in foreign banks, it went on to indigenise management of the bank, appoint board members and set out broad outlines of policy which the foreign shareholders were not comfortable with. The national question in nigeria is probably one of the most complicated in the world with over 120 languages spoken, three main ethnic groups, none of which constitutes a majority of the population, and the religious divide between christians in the south and muslims in the north. Cultural policies developed but not adequately implemented. Nigerias federal and state governments should ensure the rights to food, shelter and other basic necessities for people losing jobs or income.
With the departure of british colonial civil servants, educated nigerians and ghanaians benefitted from increased opportunities for appointment and promotion in the civil service and in. Limited factors affecting cost and financing of education in nigeria. But up until recently, indigenous participation in the oil industry, particularly the upstream. Joseph chike edozien, is a professor of nutrition at the massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge, from whatever way examined traditional rulers they remain relevant. An evaluation of indigenisation policy in zimbabwe by busisiwe monica shumba 210505399 a dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of social science in the school of social sciences at the university of kwazulunatal november 2014 supervisor. Local government administration in nigeria is classified as the third tier of government while several problems have been its recurring decimal and various reforms since 1976 havent been able to make the system effective and responsible to developmental challenges.
Kupoluyi department of political science and public administration babcock university,ilishanremo, ogun state abstract. The first nigerian population policy was written in 1988 to reduce population growth. Effects of non indigene discrimination on contemporary. Local government administration in nigeria and the localist. Most of the funds will be used to bring family planning services to governmentsponsored maternalchild health programs and for public education through the mass media, particularly radio. Nigeria began producing oil six decades ago and is now one of the worlds largest oil producers. Exploring the nexus jide ibietan1, peter ndukwe2 abstract the main objective of this paper is to examine the nature and challenges of local government administration in nigeria using the localist theory as framework of analysis. No work is deemed scholarly that does not consider the salience or. Federal nigeria, report on nigerianization of the public service, vol. Fiscal federalism has occupied the front burner of political discourse in nigeria, since the return to civilian rule. This was a major seed of conflict that is still troubling nigeria today. On the study of ethnicity in nigeria by ukoha ukiwo 1. A brief introduction to the historical background of indigenisation before 1970 is followed by an account of the timing of the decrees in the context of the oil boom in the countrys economy. Population policy of nigeria pdf population policies are deliberately constructed and sometimes modified.
The federal government of nigeria directed that an interministerial committee on the development of a national policy on migration be inaugurated to draft a comprehensive, homegrown policy that would address the multifaceted issues of migration, and create a winwin situation for migrants and countries of origin, transit and destination. The curricula at various levels must be tuned to lubricate the wheels and make the. Introduction this paper addresses the relationship between migration and development in nigeria. Nigerias indigenisation policy 1974 edition open library.
The role of traditional rulers in conflict prevention and mediation in nigeria. Curriculum and indigenous education for technological advancement dr hamiltonekeke, jt and dr dorgu, ebiere theresa department of teacher education, niger delta university, wilberforce island, bayelsa state, nigeria, abstract. The effects of globalisation on music in five contrasting. Fund from owner government tuition and fees gifts, grants and endowment investment income auxiliaries enterprises, licenses, parents and alumni association consultancies and research activities community participation etc. To this extent, the country is going through the same economic and political development processes which the developed countries had earlier passed through. Statement of the problem the internal and external colonization of nigeria created the absence of national identity and integration in the country.
Report of the special rapporteur on minority issues mission to nigeria. A key divide in nigeria is that between citizens who are deemed indigenous and those who arrived more recently. Oct 30, 1976 nigeria, in effort to wrest control of econ from foreign hands, has embarked on steppedup policy of forcing foreignowned cos to sell into nigerian ownership. Local government administration in nigeria and the localist theory.
Local government administration in nigeria and the. Arts and crafts as springboard for sustainable development and industrialization in nigeria irivwieri, g. On march 9, 2008, zimbabwes president, robert mugabe, signed the indigenisation and economic empowerment bill into law. Nigeriasindigenization policy under fire the new york. Information and translations of indigenization in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Then, nigeria and other less developed economies exported rawmaterials in form of cash crop such as cocoa, coffee, palmproduce groundnut etc.
Indigenisation policy and the development of private. During the 1970s there has been a growth in the role of the state and an assertion of economic nationalism throughout africa. The traditional ruler of oko in orumba north local government area of anambra state, obi prof. Globalization and nigerian economic development yusuf. The policy has a 2015 end date for most targets, and aims to improve standards of living and quality of life for nigeria s people by addressing the complex.
Without such an effort, nigeria s population could be expected to double to 160 million by. Ruralurbanmigration and agricultural development in nigeria. The consequences of implementing the indigenisation and. The nigerian enterprises promotion decrees 1972 and 1977. Review the industrial development policies in nigeria. According to njoku 2010 religion is a universal phenomenon that pervades human societies both ancient and modern.
Nigeria enterprises promotion decree the nigeria enterprises promotion decree which often refers to as indigenization policy was promulgated with effect from 1972. This study is titled appraisal of the adequacy of regulatory measures in the banking, industry, a contemporary and topical issue given the spate of regulatory measures within the banking industry and the seeming inability of same to curb the still. Nigeria was forcefully done without the peoples consent. Nigeria region subsaharan africa income category lower middle income population 195,874,740 city covered lagos, kano 1 db rank db score 56. The primary sources of the nigerian law of arbitration are the english common law, the nigerian customary law and nigerian statues. Implications for development and national unity george, tayo 0. Past governments in nigeria, since after independence, have adopted various policies aimed at promoting industrial development in the country. Nigerias 2004 national policy on population for sustainable. List of oil and gas companies in nigeria and their. Gbagyi people are one of the largest ethnic groups in nigeria with an estimated population figure put at 5. Introduction background to the study the belief in an ultimate supreme being has always been a way of life for africans and the nigerian people in particular.
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